Essays on Positive Philosophy (New E-book)

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Philosophy of Sufism and Islam

Abstract

In the course of human history, man is struck by a strange phenomenon. The living beings are born, they grow for some time and then they died. Death is perhaps the strongest, and still the common most phenomenon man has to come across. He has also tried to explain the phenomenon in his own way. One such explanation is that although the living beings (particularly human being) looks as one it (or he) consists of two elements, the material body and the other consisting what we may call the spirit, soul, self, or mind. What we call death is the separation of these two. Both these elements exist (forever) in their own right. This is at the back of Cartesian or Mimanmsa dualism. But unless they come together they do not shape what we call an individual. All religions and philosophies took initiatives to characterize this individualism. Here we will discuss the standpoint of Sufism. It is a sect of Islam but prominent in religious sects. From the philosophical standpoint the sufi sect leans towards the mystic tradition. According to Gazzzali , the term sufi implies a man’s remaining at peace with the world, in mediation upon God. In some ways the Sufi conception of the passing away (fana) of individual self in Universal Being is almost Upanishadic. But fana is not the same as nirvana, though both terms imply the passing away of individuality. There are seven stages to the ultimate goal: repentance, abstinence, renunciation, poverty, patience, trust in God and finally satisfaction. Three independent streams of thoughts fed the river of Sufism and determined its content and character: First, Islam brought with it some of the asceticism of the desert, and aversion to the life of urban and settled luxury. Second, Pythagorean Hellenism and Alexandrian Gnosticism, which had permanently Judaism and Christianity, had dominated the Near East for a thousand years before the advent of Islam. When the masses of the Near East and North Africa converted to Islam, it was natural that Gnostic ideas and metaphors were brought in with their spiritual baggage. Third, being the dominant religion of most of the provinces of Asia acquired by Islam, Buddhism was soon to exercise its influence. Henceforth, the three streams were one and ran like a mighty river. Sufism originated from Islam but it also gets effects from Platonism, Christianity, Mystic tenancies of Hinduism and Buddhism.  That’s why sometimes we find Sufism different from Islam but it never go far away from Islam. We can say that the Sufis are example of pure spiritual discipline which require a sense of dedication and humanity to get the ultimate goal of life i.e. self-realisation. So the major objective of this paper is to disuses the major components of Sufism and sees its relation with Islam in harmonious way.

Note:

To be presented at 90th Session of Indian Philosophical Congress to be held at Bodh-Gaya on 1-4 February, 2016. 

MY ACADEMIC REPORT- 2015

Dear Scholars/Friends,

I am submitting my academic report for the year 2015 as an regular practice every year. This helps me to evaluate my academic contribution per year and motivate me to do more………..

Papers Published: 05

§  “The Philosopher King: An Indian Point of View” in Sucharitha: A Journal of Philosophy and Religion, Volume 03, Issue 01, 2015, pp.12-19.  (ISSN: 2319-4235).a

§  “Positive Philosophy, Innovative Method and Present Education System” in Intellection: A Bi-annual Interdisciplinary Research Journal, Vol.III, No.II, July- December 2015, pp.01-13 (ISSN:2319-8192).

§  “Place of Logic in Indian Philosophy” in Lokāyata: Journal of Positive Philosophy, Volume V, No. 02 , September, 2015, pp.39-49 (ISSN: 2249-8389).

§  “Positive Philosophy of Swami Brahmananda Saraswati” in Darshan Jyoti: Refereed Annual Philosophical Research Journal, Year 05, No.01, September, 2015-August-2016, pp. 124-130 (ISSN: 2249-1196).

§  “Public Service Values and Ethics in Public Administration” in The Religious-Philosophical Dimensions edited by Merina Islam, CPPIS, Pehowa in 2015, pp. 109-122 (ISBN: 978-81-922377-5-6).

Papers Presented: 04

·      “Crime against Dalits and Indigenous Peoples as an International Human Rights Issue” in One-Day National Seminar on "Human rights for the marginalized groups: Understanding & Rethinking Strategies" held on February 5, 2015 at P.G. Govt. College for Girls, Sector-11, Chandigarh.

·      “Dr. B.R.Ambedkar’s Contribution in the Democratic Rights Struggle” in National Seminar on Dr. B.R. Ambedkar’s Views on Social Justice, Caste based Discrimination and Dalit Identity held on March 27-28, 2015 at Dr. Ambedkar Centre of Socio-Economic Studies for the Weaker Sections of Society and CSSEIP, Panjab University, Chandigarh.

·      “Philosophy, Creativity and Human Relations”  in  60th Annual Session of All India Philosophy Association held on  3rd – 5th June 2015 at School of Philosophy & Culture, Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University, Katra, Jammu & Kashmir.

·      “The Role of Religious and Spiritual Values in Shaping Humanity ( A Study of Dr. B.R. Ambedkar’s Religious Philosophy) in 3rd International Dharma-Dhamma Conference on Harmony of Religions: Welfare of Humankind, held on 24-26 October, 2015 at Indore (MP).

Participations:02

o   RUSA Sponsored Seven Days Training Workshop on “Research Methodology: Emerging Trends”  held on November 28 to 04 December, 2015 at P.G.Govt. College for Girls, Sector-42, Chandigarh.

o   Three-Day Philosophy Teachers' Meet of North-Western Zone sponsored by ICPR, New Delhi, Department of Guru Nanak Studies, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar on 29th to 31st Dec. 2015

Citation Received: 01

·      Dr. Laxmikant Sharma (2015)  “Dr. Ambedkar’s Vision on Indian Farming” in International Journal of Research in Commerce & Management, Volume No. 6 (2015), Issue No. 01 (January) (ISSN 0976-2183), p.27. (Sirswal Desh Raj(2010): Dr. Ambedkar's Views on Humanism and Buddhism" in Dr. R. B. Langayan(ed.) Relevance of Thoughts of Dr. Ambedkar in Present Times, Vishal Kaushik Printers, Delhi. ISBN-978-81-89495-41-1.) Link: http://ijrcm.org.in/ download.php? name= ijrcm -1-IJRCM-1_vol-6_2015_issue-01-art-06.pdf&path=uploaddata/ijrcm-1-IJRCM-1_vol-6_2015_issue-01-art-06.pdf

Online Article: 05

·      69वें भारतीय स्वतन्त्रता दिवस-2015 की हार्दिक शुभकामनायें

·      भारत रत्न डॉ भीमराव अम्बेडकर जी के जन्मदिवस पर विशेष-2015

·      अंतर्राष्ट्रीय महिला दिवस पर हार्दिक बधाई

·      दलित संत बनाम हिन्दुवाद (संत रविदास जी के जन्मदिवस पर विशेष)

·      गांधी बनाम गोडसे बनाम लोकतंत्र

The above short articles available at:

http://msesaim.wordpress.com/

Programme Organised:03

• ICPR Sponsored Periodical Lectures at Department of Philosophy in academic collaboration with Department of Hindi, P.G.Govt. College for Girls, Sector-11, Chandigarh held on 11-02- 2015.

·      “World Philosophy Day-2015” at Departments of Philosophy & Hindi, P.G.Govt. College for Girls, Sector-11, Chandigarh held on 19-11-2015.

·      An Online National Level Essay Competition for Students on the theme “Dr. B.R. Ambedkar: The Maker of Modern India” at Centre for Positive Philosophy and Interdisciplinary Studies (CPPIS), MSES (Regd.), Pehowa (Kurukshetra) held on 19-11-2015 (World Philosophy Day).

Membership: 01

·      Life-Member, All India Philosophy Association (Akhil Bhartiya Darshan Parishad): 03/06/2015.

Online Pages Developed: 01

·      Dr. B.R. Ambedkar: The Maker of Modern India (Celebrating 125^th Birth Anniversary of Dr. B.R. Ambedkar):  http://drambedkar125.wordpress.com

Posters: 03

·      Happy Teachers’ Day 2015 -The Positive Philosophy Society

·      Happy Teachers’ Day- CPPIS, Pehowa

·      Word Philosophy Day-2015

Journal Issues:03

·      Lokayata Vol.IV,No.01 (March  2015) edited by Desh Raj Sirswal

·      Lokayata Vol.IV,No.02 (Sept  2015) edited by Desh Raj Sirswal

·      Milestone Education Review Year 06, No. 01 edited by Desh Raj Sirswal

Videos uploaded: 05

·      Birth Anniversary Celebration of Savitribai Phule: Jan 07, 2015

·      Academic  Programmes (2010-2014) Department of Philosophy, PGGCG-11, Chd: Jan 08,2015

·      Student Activities (2010-2014) Department of Philosophy, PGGCG-11, Chandigarh: Jan 09,2015

·      Sweet Memories of Milestone Education Society (2006-2011): Jan 14,2015

·      Nomination of Prof. Sohan Raj Tater for “Padam Shri Award”: Jan 17,2015

Videos can be watch at:

https://www.youtube.com/user/cppismedia                                            

Additional Work:

In addition to the abovesaid, I submitted several reports of the programmes, prepared new online profiles regular updated all our philosophy pages including Philosophy News in India, The Positive Philosophy, Indian Psychology, Interdisciplinary Studies, Scribd.com, Research Gate, Academia.edu, Issuu.com etc.  Some assignments are pending for the next year:

·      Essay in Positive Philosophy (Book)

·      Dr. B.R.Ambedkar :The Maker of Modern India (Edited Book)

·      Two issues of Milestone Education Review will be on Dr. B.R. Ambedkar.

·      Philosophy of Sufism and Islam (Research Paper)

Hope your blessings, motivation and good wishes guide me in my academic career and social life in future also.

Thanks for being with me.

Dr. Desh Raj Sirswal

December 31, 2015

PUBLIC SERVICE VALUES AND ETHICS IN PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION

Ethics is an attempt to guide human conduct and it is also an attempt to help man in leading good life by applying moral principles. Ethics refers to well based standards of right and wrong that prescribe what humans ought to do, usually in terms of rights, obligations, benefits to society, fairness, or specific virtues. Ethics is related to issues of propriety, rightness and wrongness. What is right is ethical and what is wrong is unethical. Value is an important conception in ethical discussion. Values relate to the norms of a culture, but they are more global and abstract than norms. In certain cultures norms reflect the values of respect and support of friends and family. Different cultures reflect different values. Over the last three decades, traditional-age college students have shown an increased interest in personal well-being and a decreased interest in the welfare of others. Recently, the department of personnel and training has decided to change the pattern of the Civil Services Examination by stressing more on general studies and aptitude skills. A notification has been issued is this regard. From this year the Civil Services (Mains) will also have a separate paper on “ethics, integrity and aptitude”. The notification for the 2013 exam said the “paper (on ethics, integrity and aptitude) will include questions to test the candidate’s attitude and approach to issues relating to integrity, probity in public life and his problem-solving approach to various issues and conflicts in dealing with society”. There are six major sections (i) Ethics and Human Interfaith, (ii) Attitude, (iii) Emotional Intelligence, (iv) Contributions of Moral thinkers and philosophers of India and World, (v) Public/Civil Service Values and Ethics in Public Administration and (vi) Probity in Governance.   In this paper an attempt is made to describe the values needed in public service sector and ethical principles might use in public administration and related to the V section of this syllabus.

Published:

“Public Service Values and Ethics in Public Administration” in The Religious-Philosophical Dimensions edited by Merina Islam, CPPIS, Pehowa in 2015, pp. 109-122 (ISBN: 978-81-922377-5-6).