Showing posts with label Philosophy and Indian Education System. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Philosophy and Indian Education System. Show all posts

Wednesday, November 23, 2022

Presentation: Concept of Good Life in Indian Context



The good life is one in which what someone does and feels leads to and is constitutive of their fulfillment, also called happiness. Such happiness is neither primarily an experience; nor is it found as a consequence of following moral laws. Instead, happiness is fundamentally an activity: it is the state of the person who is living without hindrance the life that becomes a human being. The good life is the primary source of happiness. Here we will discuss the concept of the good life in the Indian Context.

Note:

Delivered a lecture on “Concept of Good Life in Indian Context” at “Centre of Excellence” Govt. Degree College, Sanjauli, Shimla on 23rd November 2022.

Sunday, February 27, 2022

Presentation: Value Education: An Overview of Educational Initiatives taken in India





Abstract

The most effective strategy for building societal harmony and cohesion is education. India's national goals include internalizing secularism, supporting democracy, ensuring equality, pursuing national unity, revitalizing fraternity, and delivering social justice and liberty. The educational system must consider human needs, viewpoints, and desires. It must raise awareness of and respect for human rights and human values. The essential obligations outlined in Article 51(A) of the Constitution must be internalized by every child. The 42nd Amendment incorporated compassion, scientific temper, humanism, abjuring violence, and other fundamental duties into the Indian Constitution, including India's unity and integrity, harmony, spirit of common brotherhood, preservation of our composite culture's rich cultural heritage, compassion, scientific temper, humanism, and abjuring violence. These also highlight the need to improve and develop. In this paper an attempt is made to overview the educational initiatives taken for propagation of value education in Indian educational curriculum. 

Key-words: Value Education, Indian Education Policies, Constitutional Values, Indian Culture.

Note: Presented in Online Refresher Course on Indian Philosophy by CPDHE, UGC-HRDC, University of Delhi on 28th February, 2022.

Saturday, October 12, 2019

श्रीमद्भगवदगीता : सृजनात्मक जीवन का आदर्श (Shrimad Bhagavad Gita: Ideals of Creative Life)


श्रीमद्भगवदगीता : सृजनात्मक जीवन का आदर्श
(Shrimad Bhagavad Gita: Ideals of Creative Life)
डॉ देशराज सिरसवाल
सारांश
वर्तमान समय में बढती हुए अस्थिरता , निराशा और अनिश्चितता में व्यक्ति अपने आपको थका हुआ महसूस कर अपनी सृजनात्मक शक्ति को खोता जा रहा है. कुछ तो परिस्थितियों की मार, चाहे वह भावनात्मक, शैक्षिक या आर्थिक क्षेत्र की हों और कुछ उचित मार्गदर्शन के अभाव में जिन्दगी के प्रति प्रतिक्रियावादी होकर अन्तर्मुखता का शिकार होता जा रहा है. अनिश्चितता ने उसके मन में इतनी गहरी पैठ की है,कि वे पूर्ण समर्पण भाव से किसी काम को नहीं कर रहे बल्कि “कैरियर” के लिए उन्हें जो भी सम्भावित लगता है, उसी की तरफ़ भाग खड़े होते हैं, चाहे वह उनकी योग्यता, रूचि के  अनुरूप भी न हो. ऐसे में तब हम कैसे उम्मीद लगा सकते हैं कि वे अपनी सृजनात्मकता और मौलिकता को बचा सकेंगें और समाज व राष्ट्र के लिए कुछ महत्वपूर्ण कर  सकेंगें ? आज आवश्यकता इस बात की है कि हम अपने आप को कैसे तैयार करें ? जिससे शिक्षा, व्यवसाय और समाज के विकास में कुछ महत्वपूर्ण योगदान दे सकें. इसके लिए मुझे श्रीमदभगवदगीता के दर्शन से महत्वपूर्ण कुछ दिखाई नहीं देता. श्रीमदभगवदगीता मानवीय जीवन के मूल्यों का आदर्शग्रन्थ है. इस संसार के हर व्यक्ति में दिव्यता को प्राप्त करने की क्षमता है. हर मनुष्य का कर्तव्य है की वह इस दिव्यता जो पहचाने और अपने सामाजिक जीवन में निर्धारित उद्देश्यों को पूरा करे. जीवन का मुख्य उद्देश्य अपने कर्तव्यों और उत्तरदायित्वों को पूरा करने के साथ साथ सभी मानवों के सह-आस्तित्व को  स्वीकार करना भी है. अपने कर्म के प्रति समर्पित भाव रखते हुए, आत्मकेन्द्रित न होते हुए, उसे कर्तव्य के रूप में समाज के प्रति समर्पित करे तो वह पूर्णता को प्राप्त हो सकता है. प्रस्तुत शोध पत्र का मुख्य विषय श्रीमद्भगवदगीता के उन्हीं आदर्शों की ओर इंगित करना है, जो वर्तमान समय में मानव की सृजनात्मकता को बनाये रखने में महत्वपूर्ण योगदान दे सकते हैं.

Note: To be presented at 4th International Seminar on Universal Welfare and the Eternal Philosophy of Bhagvad Gita to be held on 3-5 December, 2019 at Kurukshetra

Monday, October 8, 2018

Ethics and Values in Public Governance


This presentation is based on Short Term Three Days Training Course on “Ethics and Values in Public Governance” Sponsored by Department of Personnel and Training, Govt. of India and organised by Haryana Institute of Public Administration, Gurugram from September 5-7, 2018. We used both course-content as well as our other open reading for this ppt. It was presented in the lecture organised by IQAC, Smt. Aruna Asaf Ali Govt. P.G.College, Kalka on 15th September, 2018.


Link:
https://www.scribd.com/document/390311423/Ethics-and-Values-in-Public-Governance

Tuesday, October 2, 2018

Epicureanism, Charvaka and Consumerism: A Search for Philosophy of Happiness

Epicureanism, Charvaka and Consumerism:  A Search for Philosophy of Happiness
Dr. Desh Raj Sirswal


Abstract:
Epicurus was a Greek philosopher and more interested in pleasure or its pursuit than other ideals. He said, “No pleasure is a bad thing in itself, but the things which produce certain pleasures entail disturbances many times greater than the pleasures themselves.” Epicurus tells us that wisdom is the knowledge of which pleasures are good for us. While at times this led to a negative view of his philosophy, the reality is his thinking was very advanced and developed, leading to his ideas becoming highly influential in modern thought in many regions of the world today. His simple philosophies of avoiding pain, leading a simple life, and attaining knowledge have made his philosophy both attractive and influential to many.  One important Indian Philosophy “Charvaka” take this world to be the only reality.  Out of the four human values - Dharma, artha, kama, and moksha - they advocate pursuit of kama only and artha merely as a facilitating means for the purpose. For Charvaka, the goal of human life to attain the maximum amount of pleasure in this life, avoiding pain as far as possible. A good life is a life of maximum enjoyment. A good action is one which leads to a balance of pleasure and a bad action is one which brings about more pain than pleasure. In present times, consumerism is all pervading, the real spirit for any developing economy is to develop products and marketing practices advocating consumerism and it is inevitable to safeguard the interest of consumers at large. Consumerism is the belief that personal wellbeing and happiness depends to a very large extent on the level of personal consumption, particularly on the purchase of material goods. The idea is not simply that wellbeing depends upon a standard of living above some threshold, but that at the center of happiness is consumption and material possessions. It is an attempt of this paper to see the relation between these philosophies and try to find common characteristics which lead man to lead a happy and satisfactorily life.

Key-Words: Epicurus, Charvaka, Pleasure, Happiness and Consumerism.
Presented at National Seminar on CONSUMERISM AND CONSUMER PROTECTION IN THE ERA OF OPEN MARKETS IN INDIA (Sponsored by Panjab University, Chandigarh) PG Govt. College for Girls, Sector 11, Chandigarh on 30th January, 2018.

Friday, March 4, 2016

Essays on Positive Philosophy (New E-book)



Released on 23rd March,2016
You can see the book on the given below link and also see previous published books:
http://www.amazon.in/s/ref=dp_byline_sr_ebooks_1?ie=UTF8&text=DESH+RAJ+SIRSWAL&search-alias=digital-text&field-author=DESH+RAJ+SIRSWAL&sort=relevancerank

Friday, November 6, 2015

Positive Philosophy, Innovative Method and Present Education System



Abstract:
Philosophy is an important relation with education as it gives theoretical ground for its development. Principles and values of life learnt through education and experience gives birth to philosophy. Philosophy lays the foundation of leading one’s life based on principles. Education is the source of learning and philosophy it’s applications in human life. While discussing about the real nature of philosophy in present time, we should have a single criteria as if it to be acceptable to all reasonable people of the world. In defining Positive Philosophy it may be said, The Positive Philosophy is an attempt to achieve an intellectual detachment from all philosophical systems, and not to solve specific philosophical problems, but to become sensitively aware of what it is we do when we philosophize. It is an attitude as well as a methodology for both academician and common person. It make education process positive so that it can make something useful for societal growth and in working process it also make the person sensitive about the societal problems and make them ready to  be a part of social change. I am not negating something, here “positive” word is not an antonym but it is an adjective. Where there are merely religious, metaphysical and passive ideologies in our education system, we are not able to have a good and creative education. Positive Philosophy is working on that issues which have some worth for human. It is a process to do something creative.  We are using innovative method. An innovator could be rebellion because he breaks the established method, norms and redefines the layer of thought. Innovation not simply implies questioning, reshaping, restricting but also developing through transformation.  A teacher can play an important role in promoting this discussion because a teacher has the capacity to influence students with their thoughts and personality and engages them to creative activities. Innovativeness needs to be included in the curriculum. Once one becomes habitual to this attitude he/she will be ready to do some positive or creative. In this paper it is an attempt being made to apply positive philosophy though innovative method in our present education system.

Published:

ü  Positive Philosophy, Innovative Method and Present Education System” in Intellection: A Bi-annual Interdisciplinary Research Journal, July- December 2015, pp.01-13 (ISSN:2319-8192).

Monday, September 8, 2014

Why Study Philosophy ?


The chief practical reason to study philosophy is to acquire a very valuable set of skills. In philosophy the student becomes the active inquirer, thinker, and solver of problems and not just a passive learner who memorizes ideas only. Philosophy develops skills of critical and moral thinking, argumentation, information management, research, communication, abstract reasoning, and analytic and synthetic thinking. Students of philosophy also learn to identify important fundamental questions about themselves and their world through the process of clear, critical thinking and argumentation. Philosophy is about watching, interpreting, and understanding the world and the people living in it. Recent scandals and problems in business and government have highlighted the important role of ethics in corporate and public life. Advances in medical practice and research have created a growing need for medical and research ethicists who might work directly with genetic researchers, or assist patients and care-givers in morally difficult situations. Philosophy could make significant contribution, particularly in relation to children's moral development, because the Indian curriculum currently neglects this aim. Philosophy needs to be included in the curriculum because it has demonstrated cognitive and social gains in students who were exposed to philosophy in their academics.
Citation:
http://www.scribd.com/doc/238603188/Sophia-Year-3-No-1-September-2014

Wednesday, January 22, 2014

Philosophy and Values in Public Affairs: An Appraisal



Abstract

In the recent past, especially in the last quarter of 20th century, there have been drastic changes which have taken place. People all over the world, started feeling the pinch of “rate of change” in emerging contemporary society. It has influenced all the aspects of human life. It also influenced the ancient conception of philosophy that it seeks to understand the mysteries of existence and reality. It was also influenced by present scientific development which raised philosophical speculations towards linguistic analysis, mental content and later on cognitive science studies. It is true that philosophy tries to discover the nature of truth and knowledge and to find what is of basic value and importance in life. It also examines the relationships between humanity and nature and between the individual and society. Philosophy arises out of wonder, curiosity, and the desire to know and understand. Philosophy is thus a form of inquiry--a process of analysis, criticism, interpretation, and speculation. It is contributing in the process of human development since ancient times.  The process of human development begins with the conceptions and continues throughout life. It takes as many different courses as every human being develops in a unique way, embedded in the context of his or her environment. In the light of above assumptions, we are going to study the role of philosophy and values in public affairs and how philosophy shaping the human life with its continuous progress.

Note:
To be presented at National Seminar on PHILOSOPHY IN PRACTICE : MAKING SENSE OF HUMAN EXISTENCE, held on February 23, 2014 in the Department of Philosophy, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur

THE DEVELOPMENT OF MORALITY IN HUMAN LIFE: AN OVERVIEW


THE DEVELOPMENT OF MORALITY IN HUMAN LIFE: AN OVERVIEW

Dr. Desh Raj Sirswal


Abstract

Presently philosophers, social theorists, educationists and legal scholars are busy with issues of contemporary importance such as affirmative actions, animal’s rights, capital punishment, cloning, euthanasia, immigration, pornography, privacy in civil society, values in nature, human rights, cultural values and world hunger etc. Since ancient time ethics is one of the most important part of philosophical speculations and human development. The development of morality comes under three stages viz. intrinsic morality, customary morality and reflective morality. Intrinsic morality has traditionally been thought to lie at the heart of ethics and this is the first stage of morality where the objective is to be moral is to lead one’s life according its basic needs.  Customary morality is the second stage of morality, where customs of a particular group and tribe rule the life of the man living in this group and morals based on the customs and traditions of society.  Members of the group are motivated to sacrifice their lives to save the culture and norms of the particular group or tribe. In the last reflective morality, man started thinking himself and started to do reflection on their life and contributed to the development of the nation or society where he/she lives. Here he/she is independent to think and follow the best for his life. Reflective morals are those that are based on what you believe to be right and not others. The ideas related to the development of art, values, human rights and quality education etc., all are because of man’s reflection. Reflective morality is the best stage of development of morality in human society. In this paper an attempt is made to draw an outline of development of morality in human life and its application of morality in public and personal life.

Note:To be presented at National Conference on Holistic Human Development: Contribution of Multidisciplinary Research, 24th- 26th, February, 2013, Department of Home Science, University of Rajasthan,Jaipur

Monday, June 10, 2013

"कंटेम्पररी इंडियन फिलोसोफी " नामक पुस्तक का लोकार्पण




दर्शनशास्त्र  विभाग ,  कुरुक्षेत्र  विश्विधालय , कुरुक्षेत्र   के  तत्वाधान में एक  दर्शन-विषयक कार्यक्रम का आयोजन किया गया ,  जिसके मुख्य अतिथि प्रो. के. के. शर्मा (पूर्व  उपकुलपति , नेहू , शिल्लोंग ) और  अध्यक्ष प्रो. आर. के. देसवाल (अध्यक्ष, दर्शन शास्त्र  विभाग ,  कुरुक्षेत्र  विश्विधालय , कुरुक्षेत्र ) रहे। कार्यक्रम  के आरम्भ में कार्यक्रम सयोंजक डॉ  देशराज सिरसवाल  ने  2010   से वर्तमान तक की सेंटर द्वारा की गयी  गतिविधियों की जानकारी  दी। इस  अवसर पर सेंटर फॉर पॉजिटिव फिलोसोफी एंड इंटरडिसिप्लिनरी स्टडीज , पिहोवा  द्वारा प्रकाशित "कंटेम्पररी इंडियन फिलोसोफी  " नामक पुस्तक  का लोकार्पण किया गया , जो की सेंटर द्वारा प्रकाशित चतुर्थ पुस्तक और डॉ  देशराज सिरसवाल द्वारा सम्पादित है। 
प्रो. के. के. शर्मा  और  प्रो. आर. के. देसवाल ने कार्यक्रम में उपस्थित शोध-छात्रों को दर्शन की बारीकियों से अवगत करवाया और सार्थक जीवन के लिए महत्वपूर्ण मूल्यों की चर्चा की। कार्यक्रम के अंत में कई महत्वपूर्ण  विषयों पर चिन्तन  हुआ और शोध-छात्रों की  जिज्ञासाओं  का समाधान किया गया। इस अवसर पर डा अनामिका गिरधर (एसोसिएट प्रोफेसर,  दर्शनशास्त्र  विभाग),  डॉ सुरेंदर शर्मा(असिस्टेंट  प्रोफेसर,  दर्शनशास्त्र  विभाग), और राजिंदर कौर ,पूनम वर्मा , ईश्वर सिंह , विपिन   सांगर, मनोज कुमार , रामजवारी ,वन्दना , नीलम, वीनू इत्यादि शोध-छात्र एवम छात्राएं उपस्थित थे।  
  

Monday, June 3, 2013

दर्शनशास्त्र की वर्तमान शिक्षा में उपयोगिता -डॉ देशराज सिरसवाल

दर्शनशास्त्र  को 'मानविकी ' संकाए के अंतर्गत सम्मिलित किया जाता है।  मानविकी बड़ा ही सुगम्य शब्द है , जिसकी परिभाषा एवम अर्थ-विस्तार की रेखाएं उतनी सुनिश्चित, सुनिर्धारित नहीं हैं, न ही इसके क्षेत्र की व्यापकता के विषय में सर्वत्र सहमती है।  एक सामान्य और प्रचलित परिभाषा के अनुसार, "मानविकी " के अंतर्गत वे विधाएं आती हैं,  जो " मानव के मानवीकरण" में सहयोग दें अर्थात जो उसके व्यक्तित्व का संस्कार -परिष्कार करें। कई विश्वविधालयों में तो इसे कला संकाय के अंतर्गत रखा जाता हैं, जबकि कुछ में इसे प्राच्य-विद्या संकाए के अंतर्गत सम्मिलित किया जाता है जिसमे संस्कृत, संगीत, प्राचीन इतिहास और ललित कलाएं भी सम्मिलित होती हैं। 
दर्शनशास्त्र का सामान्य अर्थ  ज्ञान के प्रति  प्रेम से  लिया जाता है। दर्शनशास्त्र के अंतर्गत वह सब आता है जो ज्ञान-रूप माना जाता है।  दर्शनशास्त्री  बहुत से विचारों जैसे सत्य, सुन्दरता, ज्ञान, न्याय , सद्गुण , मुल्य इत्यादि का अध्ययन करते हैं।  इसमें तर्क और समालोचना पर जोर दिया जाता है साथ ही  इसके अंतर्गत विचारकों और दर्शनशास्त्रियों के विचारों का पठन - पाठन होता है।   दर्शनशास्त्र का विद्यार्थी निम्नलिखित व्यवसायों में अपनी सामर्थ्य को आजमा सकता है:
स्कुल, महाविधालय , विशवविधालय और संस्थानों में अध्यापन 
केंद्रीय और राज्यविशवविधालय में शोध के क्षेत्र 
योग एवं ध्यान 
दार्शनिक लेखक 
तार्किक विचार वाले व्यवसाय 
समाज सुधारक 
नैतिक परामर्शदाता 
कानून व्यवसाय 
जीवन कौशल सम्बन्धी शिक्षा  
दर्शनशास्त्र में व्यक्ति को आलोचनात्मक चिन्तन के साथ बेहतर और सफल जीवन के आदर्श सिखाये जाते हैं। जिसके द्वारा वह  अपने जीवन के साथ साथ  दूसरों के जीवन में भी सकारात्मक योगदान दे सकते हैं।  स्नातक स्तर पर दर्शनशास्त्र का अध्ययन लगभग सभी विषयों के साथ किया जा सकता है। आज के शिक्षा तन्त्र की खामियों से हम सभी जूझ रहे हैं, उसका एकमात्र कारण यह हैं की हम विद्यार्थियों को उस तरह की शिक्षा नही दे पा रहे हैं जिससे उनका सर्वांगीन  विकास हो सके।  जब तक चिन्तन, मनन और मूल्यों का अध्ययन शिक्षा का केंद्र नही बनेगा तब तक समाज में तथाकथित पढ़े लिखे लोग समाज निर्माण में सही योगदान नही दे सकते।
जो शिक्षा  व्यक्ति में केवल आर्थिकता के प्रति मोह पैदा करती है,  वह कभी भी समाज-निर्माण में योगदान नही दे सकती।  इसी के कारण समाज में पढ़े लिखे अपराधियों की संख्या बढ़  रही है।  पहले चोरी डकैती अशिक्षित  का काम माना जाता था, लेकिन आज उसके विपरीत पढ़े-लिखे लोग बड़ी बड़ी कुर्सियों पर  बैठे भ्रष्टाचार और समाज के विघटन में पूरा सहयोग दे रहे हैं।  सामाजिक और राष्ट्रीय मुल्य दावं पर लगे है  और भ्रष्ट  लोग  जनता का खून चूस रहे हैं।  अगर सच में ही हम शिक्षित हो गये हैं तो समाज में इतनी ज्यादा संख्या में अन्याय क्यों हो रहा है। इसका एकमात्र कारण व्यक्तिगत , सामाजिक और  राजनैतिक स्तर पर मूल्यहीनता ही है, जैसे आदर्श बच्चो को पढ़ायें जायेंगे वह ऐसे ही बनेंगे।
शिक्षा तंत्र में आये दिन जो बदलाव हो रहे हैं, सरकारी स्कूलों में तो उसका नकारात्मक ही असर दिखाई देता है। ज्यादातर गरीब परिवार के बच्चे वहां  शिक्षा ग्रहण कर  रहे है, जो भी बदलाव नजर आ रहे हैं सामान्यत वह गुणात्मक शिक्षा से उन्हें वंचित कर  रहे हैं। सिर्फ वाणिज्य और विज्ञान की शिक्षा पर जोर देने से और मानविकी और समाज-विज्ञानं के विषयों की अवहेलना करने से शिक्षा का स्तर दिन प्रतिदिन गिरता जा रहा है। जितना पैसा इस क्षेत्र में लगाया जा रहा हैं उतनी गुणवता दृश्य नहीं है। उसके विपरीत  उच्च संस्थानों में सबसिडी पर दी जाने वाली वाणिज्य और विज्ञानं की शिक्षा का फायदा ज्यादातर  निजी कम्पनियों और विदेश के संस्थान उठा रहे हैं, क्योंकि जनता से एकत्रित किये गये करों से पढाये जाने वाले ये युवा भारतीय समाज के विकास में नगण्य भूमिका निभा रहे हैं। वे  या  तो निजी क्षेत्र की कम्पनियों में काम करते हैं या अंतर-राष्ट्रीयता का दामन ओढ  लेते हैं।
जब तक शिक्षा में स्वतंत्र-चिन्तन और मूल्यों पर जोर नही दिया जायेंगा तब तक अच्छे अध्यापक, लेखक, विचारक , राजनेता, कानून-विशेषज्ञ , उधमी और लोकसेवक नही बन सकते। बेशक भारत राजनितिक तौर पर आजाद हो गया है लेकिन वैचारिक तौर पर आज भी गुलाम है। आज की सामाजिक और राजनैतिक परिस्थितियाँ हमारी इसी गुलामी की उपज है। अगर हम सही ढंग से शिक्षित होंगे तभी हम सही प्रतिनिधि चुन पाएंगे और बेहतर नागरिक बन पाएंगे। भ्रष्ट चिन्तन के साये में जी कर भारत निर्माण नही होगा, उससे पहले सही चिंतन करना अति आवश्यक है।